DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Cialis > cialis 10 or 20


Which medication you take and how often you take it depends on your individual needs and lifestyle. Seek medical advice for the best guidance, regardless of whether you’re taking supplements or prescription drugs. Tadalafil can treat ED, so if you’re suffering from unreliable, incomplete, or otherwise finicky erections, talk to a healthcare provider about a tadalafil prescription.

Cialis Forms & Strengths

May increase to 5 mg based upon efficacy and tolerability (2.1). CIALIS may be taken without regard to food (2.2). Patients should not use CIALIS if sex is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status (5.1). Use of CIALIS with alpha blockers, antihypertensives or substantial amounts of alcohol (≥5 units) may lead to hypotension (5.6, 5.9). If taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, dose should be adjusted: CIALIS for use as needed: ≤10 mg every 72 hours.

Duration of action

For once daily use: dose not to exceed 2.5 mg (5.10). Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts >4 hours. Use CIALIS with caution in patients predisposed to priapism (5.3). Patients should stop CIALIS and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). Discuss increased risk of NAION in patients with history of NAION (5.4).

CIALIS for Use as Needed for Erectile Dysfunction

Patients should stop CIALIS and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing (5.5). Most common adverse reactions (≥2%) include headache, dyspepsia, back pain, myalgia, nasal congestion, flushing, and pain in limb (6.1, 6.2). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling. Table of Contents FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE1.1 Erectile Dysfunction2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION2.1 Erectile Dysfunction2.2 Use with Food2.3 Use in Special Populations2.4 Concomitant Medications3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS4 CONTRAINDICATIONS4.1 Nitrates4.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS5.1 Cardiovascular5.2 Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking CIALIS for Once Daily Use5.3 Prolonged Erection5.4 Eye5.5 Sudden Hearing Loss5.6 Alpha blockers and Antihypertensives5.7 Renal Insufficiency5.8 Hepatic Impairment5.9 Alcohol5.10 Concomitant Use of Potent Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)5.11 Combination With Other PDE5 Inhibitors or Erectile Dysfunction Therapies5.12 Effects on Bleeding5.13 Counseling Patients About Sexually Transmitted Diseases6 ADVERSE REACTIONS6.1 Clinical Studies Experience6.2 Postmarketing Experience7 DRUG INTERACTIONS7.1 Potential for Pharmacodynamic Interactions with CIALIS7.2 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect CIALIS7.3 Potential for CIALIS to Affect Other Drugs8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS8.1 Pregnancy8.3 Nursing Mothers8.4 Pediatric Use8.5 Geriatric Use8.6 Hepatic Impairment8.7 Renal Insufficiency10 OVERDOSAGE11 DESCRIPTION12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY12.1 Mechanism of Action12.2 Pharmacodynamics12.3 Pharmacokinetics13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology14 CLINICAL STUDIES14.1 CIALIS for Use as Needed14.2 CIALIS for Once Daily Use16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING16.1 How Supplied16.2 Storage17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION17.1 Nitrates17.2 Cardiovascular Considerations17.3 Concomitant Use with Drugs Which Lower Blood Pressure17.4 Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking CIALIS for Once Daily Use17.5 Priapism17.6 Vision17.7 Sudden Hearing Loss17.8 Alcohol17.9 Sexually Transmitted Disease17.10 Recommended Administration*Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed. Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed. ED drugs like Stendra, Levitra, and Viagra also offer relief from ED symptoms, though they treat erectile dysfunction on an as-needed basis. When used properly, these drugs can help you thwart the physical effects of ED and stride confidently into the bedroom.

Product Dosage Quantity + Bonus Price
Cialis Generic5mg30 + 4 Pills53.56€ 51.01€
Cialis Black80mg30 + 2 Pills89.11€ 84.87€
Cialis Generic2.5mg60 + 4 Pills83.43€ 79.46€
Cialis Generic10mg180 + 8 Pills236.88€ 225.60€
Cialis Generic5mg60 + 4 Pills86.02€ 81.92€
Cialis Generic20mg10 Pills31.49€ 29.99€
Cialis Generic10mg120 + 6 Pills178.49€ 169.99€
Cialis Original20mg22 + 2 Pills129.20€ 123.05€
Cialis Generic40mg90 + 6 Pills171.35€ 163.19€
Cialis Professional20mg120 + 4 Pills291.68€ 277.79€
Cialis Generic2.5mg10 Pills28.51€ 27.15€
Cialis Soft Tabs20mg90 + 6 Pills216.71€ 206.39€
Cialis Generic2.5mg90 + 6 Pills112.43€ 107.08€
Cialis Generic60mg180 + 10 Pills313.11€ 298.20€
Cialis Generic20mg120 + 8 Pills188.15€ 179.19€

Taking more than the recommended amount won’t make your penis harder or bigger. That’d be like filling your car’s gas tank with premium instead of regular and expecting it to suddenly sprout two extra cylinders. If your ED comes from intimacy issues, self-confidence problems, or something else, effective treatment might be more complex than simply getting the mechanics working again. Talk to a therapist or another mental health professional if this sounds like it may apply to you. If you’re ready to treat ED, we can help. We offer affordable ED medications through our telehealth platform, and you can get a prescription for Cialis with an online consultation. Coward, R. M., & Carson, C. C. (2008).

Parameter Cialis 10mg Cialis 20mg Description
Absorption Rate Fast Fast Peak plasma levels in about 2 hours
Half-life 17.5 hours 17.5 hours Duration the drug stays active
Bioavailability 40% 40% Degree of absorption into bloodstream
Plasma Concentration Moderate High Intensity correlates with dose

Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. A comparison of the available phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a focus on avanafil. Contains inactivated NDC Code(s)NDC Code(s): 21695-028-10, 21695-029-10, 21695-029-16, 21695-029-30 If you are a consumer or patient please visit this version. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use CIALIS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for CIALIS.CIALIS (tadalafil) tablet, film coated for oral useInitial U.S. Approval: 2003INDICATIONS AND USAGECIALIS® is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for erectile dysfunction (ED) (1.1).DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONCIALIS for use as needed: Starting dose: 10 mg up to once daily. Increase to 20 mg or decrease to 5 mg based upon efficacy/tolerability. Improves erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours post dose (2.1).CIALIS for once daily use: 2.5 mg taken once daily, without regard to timing of sexual activity. May increase to 5 mg based upon efficacy and tolerability (2.1).CIALIS may be taken without regard to food (2.2).DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHSTablets (not scored): 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg (3).CONTRAINDICATIONSWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSPatients should not use CIALIS if sex is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status (5.1).Use of CIALIS with alpha blockers, antihypertensives or substantial amounts of alcohol (≥5 units) may lead to hypotension (5.6, 5.9).If taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, dose should be adjusted: CIALIS for use as needed: ≤10 mg every 72 hours. For once daily use: dose not to exceed 2.5 mg (5.10).Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts >4 hours.

Tadalafil or Cialis: Are They Basically The Same?

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Erectile DysfunctionCIALIS for Use as NeededThe recommended starting dose of CIALIS for use as needed in most patients is 10 mg, taken prior to anticipated sexual activity.The dose may be increased to 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg, based on individual efficacy and tolerability. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day in most patients.CIALIS for use as needed was shown to improve erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours following dosing. Therefore, when advising patients on optimal use of CIALIS, this should be taken into consideration.2.3 Use in Special PopulationsRenal InsufficiencyCIALIS for Use as NeededMild (creatinine clearance 51 to 80 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Moderate (creatinine clearance 31 to 50 mL/min): A starting dose of 5 mg not more than once per day is recommended, and the maximum dose should be limited to 10 mg not more than once in every 48 hours.Severe (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and on hemodialysis): The maximum recommended dose is 5 mg not more than once in every 72 hours [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use In Specific Populations (8.7)].CIALIS for Once Daily UseMild (creatinine clearance 51 to 80 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Moderate (creatinine clearance 31 to 50 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Severe (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and on hemodialysis): CIALIS for once daily use is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use In Specific Populations (8.7)].Hepatic ImpairmentCIALIS for Use as NeededMild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B): The dose of CIALIS should not exceed 10 mg once per day. The use of CIALIS once per day has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency and therefore, caution is advised.Severe (Child Pugh Class C): The use of CIALIS is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].CIALIS for Once Daily UseMild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B): CIALIS for once daily use has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Therefore, caution is advised if CIALIS for once daily use is prescribed to these patients.Severe (Child Pugh Class C): The use of CIALIS is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].2.4 Concomitant MedicationsAlpha BlockersWhen CIALIS is coadministered with an alpha blocker, patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating treatment with CIALIS, and CIALIS should be initiated at the lowest recommended dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

Alternatives for erectile dysfunction (ED)

Is taking a higher dose of tadalafil more effective?

Use CIALIS with caution in patients predisposed to priapism (5.3).Patients should stop CIALIS and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). Discuss increased risk of NAION in patients with history of NAION (5.4).Patients should stop CIALIS and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing (5.5).ADVERSE REACTIONSMost common adverse reactions (≥2%) include headache, dyspepsia, back pain, myalgia, nasal congestion, flushing, and pain in limb (6.1, 6.2).To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or INTERACTIONSSee 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.Revised: 7/2009 CIALIS® is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for erectile dysfunction (ED) (1.1).

  • Cialis 10 mg offers a discreet, flexible option for ED.
  • Cialis 20 mg is preferred by men seeking a stronger effect.
  • Both doses can be effective if used correctly.
  • The medication helps by relaxing blood vessels in the penis.
  • Consult your doctor for the best dose based on health status.
  • Cialis onsets faster when taken on an empty stomach.
  • Overdosing on Cialis may increase the risk of side effects.
  • Cialis 10 mg is ideal for men just starting treatment.
  • Safe use involves monitoring for adverse reactions.
  • Higher doses should be used only under medical supervision.

CIALIS for use as needed: Starting dose: 10 cialis tablet 5 mg mg up to once daily.

  • The 10mg dose is a balance between continuous effect and side effects.
  • The 20mg dose is a balance between high efficacy and side effects.
  • Neither dose should be used by someone for whom sex is inadvisable.
  • Both are packaged in blisters or bottles with specific lot numbers.
  • Expiry dates should be checked before using any tablet.
  • Traveling with Cialis requires keeping it in original packaging.
  • Psychological counseling may complement drug therapy at any dose.
  • Regular medical reviews ensure the chosen dose remains appropriate.

Improves erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours post dose (2.1). CIALIS for once daily use: 2.5 mg taken once daily, without regard to timing of sexual activity. May increase to 5 mg based upon efficacy and tolerability (2.1). CIALIS may be taken without regard to food (2.2). Patients should not use CIALIS if sex is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status (5.1). Use of CIALIS with alpha blockers, antihypertensives or substantial amounts of alcohol (≥5 units) may lead to hypotension (5.6, 5.9). If taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, dose should be adjusted: CIALIS for use as needed: ≤10 mg every 72 hours. For once daily use: dose not to exceed 2.5 mg (5.10). Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts >4 hours.

What About Other ED Medications?

Which medication you take and how often you take it depends on your individual needs and lifestyle. Seek medical advice for the best guidance, regardless of whether you’re taking supplements or prescription drugs. Tadalafil can treat ED, so if you’re suffering from unreliable, incomplete, or otherwise finicky erections, talk to a healthcare provider about a tadalafil prescription. ED drugs like Stendra, Levitra, and Viagra also offer relief from ED symptoms, though they treat erectile dysfunction on an as-needed basis. When used properly, these drugs can help you thwart the physical effects of ED and stride confidently into the bedroom.

How does tadalafil work?

Taking more than the recommended amount won’t make your penis harder or bigger. That’d be like filling your car’s gas tank with premium instead of regular and expecting it to suddenly sprout two extra cylinders. If your ED comes from intimacy issues, self-confidence problems, or something else, effective treatment might be more complex than simply getting the mechanics working again. Talk to a therapist or another mental health professional if this sounds like it may apply to you. If you’re ready to treat ED, we can help.

What if I miss a dose?

We offer affordable ED medications through our telehealth platform, and you can get a prescription for Cialis with an online consultation. Coward, R. M., & Carson, C. C. (2008). Use CIALIS with caution in patients predisposed to priapism (5.3). Patients should stop CIALIS and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). Discuss increased risk of NAION in patients with history of NAION (5.4). Patients should stop CIALIS and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing (5.5).

16.1 How Supplied

Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. A comparison of the available phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a focus on avanafil. Contains inactivated NDC Code(s)NDC Code(s): 21695-028-10, 21695-029-10, 21695-029-16, 21695-029-30 If you are a consumer or patient please visit this version. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use CIALIS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for CIALIS.CIALIS (tadalafil) tablet, film coated for oral useInitial U.S.

Cialis and foods

Approval: 2003INDICATIONS AND USAGECIALIS® is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for erectile dysfunction (ED) (1.1).DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONCIALIS for use as needed: Starting dose: 10 mg up to once daily. Increase to 20 mg or decrease to 5 mg based upon efficacy/tolerability. Improves erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours post dose (2.1).CIALIS for once daily use: 2.5 mg taken once daily, without regard to timing of sexual activity. May increase to 5 mg based upon efficacy and tolerability (2.1).CIALIS may be taken without regard to food (2.2).DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHSTablets (not scored): 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg (3).CONTRAINDICATIONSWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSPatients should not use CIALIS if sex is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status (5.1).Use of CIALIS with alpha blockers, antihypertensives or substantial amounts of alcohol (≥5 units) may lead to hypotension (5.6, 5.9).If taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, dose should be adjusted: CIALIS for use as needed: ≤10 mg every 72 hours. For once daily use: dose not to exceed 2.5 mg (5.10).Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts >4 hours.

Can Cialis be used to treat ED after prostate surgery?

Use CIALIS with caution in patients predisposed to priapism (5.3).Patients should stop CIALIS and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). Discuss increased risk of NAION in patients with history of NAION (5.4).Patients should stop CIALIS and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing (5.5).ADVERSE REACTIONSMost common adverse reactions (≥2%) include headache, dyspepsia, back pain, myalgia, nasal congestion, flushing, and pain in limb (6.1, 6.2).To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or INTERACTIONSSee 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.Revised: 7/2009 CIALIS® is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for erectile dysfunction (ED) (1.1). CIALIS for use as needed: Starting dose: 10 cialis tablet 5 mg mg up to once daily. Improves erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours post dose (2.1). CIALIS for once daily use: 2.5 mg taken once daily, without regard to timing of sexual activity. Most common adverse reactions (≥2%) include headache, dyspepsia, back pain, myalgia, nasal congestion, flushing, and pain in limb (6.1, 6.2). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling. Table of Contents FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE1.1 Erectile Dysfunction2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION2.1 Erectile Dysfunction2.2 Use with Food2.3 Use in Special Populations2.4 Concomitant Medications3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS4 CONTRAINDICATIONS4.1 Nitrates4.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS5.1 Cardiovascular5.2 Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking CIALIS for Once Daily Use5.3 Prolonged Erection5.4 Eye5.5 Sudden Hearing Loss5.6 Alpha blockers and Antihypertensives5.7 Renal Insufficiency5.8 Hepatic Impairment5.9 Alcohol5.10 Concomitant Use of Potent Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)5.11 Combination With Other PDE5 Inhibitors or Erectile Dysfunction Therapies5.12 Effects on Bleeding5.13 Counseling Patients About Sexually Transmitted Diseases6 ADVERSE REACTIONS6.1 Clinical Studies Experience6.2 Postmarketing Experience7 DRUG INTERACTIONS7.1 Potential for Pharmacodynamic Interactions with CIALIS7.2 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect CIALIS7.3 Potential for CIALIS to Affect Other Drugs8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS8.1 Pregnancy8.3 Nursing Mothers8.4 Pediatric Use8.5 Geriatric Use8.6 Hepatic Impairment8.7 Renal Insufficiency10 OVERDOSAGE11 DESCRIPTION12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY12.1 Mechanism of Action12.2 Pharmacodynamics12.3 Pharmacokinetics13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology14 CLINICAL STUDIES14.1 CIALIS for Use as Needed14.2 CIALIS for Once Daily Use16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING16.1 How Supplied16.2 Storage17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION17.1 Nitrates17.2 Cardiovascular Considerations17.3 Concomitant Use with Drugs Which Lower Blood Pressure17.4 Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking CIALIS for Once Daily Use17.5 Priapism17.6 Vision17.7 Sudden Hearing Loss17.8 Alcohol17.9 Sexually Transmitted Disease17.10 Recommended Administration*Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed. Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Erectile DysfunctionCIALIS for Use as NeededThe recommended starting dose of CIALIS for use as needed in most patients is 10 mg, taken prior to anticipated sexual activity.The dose may be increased to 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg, based on individual efficacy and tolerability. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day in most patients.CIALIS for use as needed was shown to improve erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours following dosing. Therefore, when advising patients on optimal use of CIALIS, this should be taken into consideration.2.3 Use in Special PopulationsRenal InsufficiencyCIALIS for Use as NeededMild (creatinine clearance 51 to 80 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Moderate (creatinine clearance 31 to 50 mL/min): A starting dose of 5 mg not more than once per day is recommended, and the maximum dose should be limited to 10 mg not more than once in every 48 hours.Severe (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and on hemodialysis): The maximum recommended dose is 5 mg not more than once in every 72 hours [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use In Specific Populations (8.7)].CIALIS for Once Daily UseMild (creatinine clearance 51 to 80 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Moderate (creatinine clearance 31 to 50 mL/min): No dose adjustment is required.Severe (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and on hemodialysis): CIALIS for once daily use is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use In Specific Populations (8.7)].Hepatic ImpairmentCIALIS for Use as NeededMild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B): The dose of CIALIS should not exceed 10 mg once per day. The use of CIALIS once per day has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency and therefore, caution is advised.Severe (Child Pugh Class C): The use of CIALIS is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].CIALIS for Once Daily UseMild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B): CIALIS for once daily use has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Therefore, caution is advised if CIALIS for once daily use is prescribed to these patients.Severe (Child Pugh Class C): The use of CIALIS is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].2.4 Concomitant MedicationsAlpha BlockersWhen CIALIS is coadministered with an alpha blocker, patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating treatment with CIALIS, and CIALIS should be initiated at the lowest recommended dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].